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the school is a very modest establishment

  • 1 establishment

    noun
    1) (setting up, creation, foundation) Gründung, die; (of government, committee) Einsetzung, die; (of movement) Begründung, die; (of relations) Schaffung, die

    [business] establishment — Unternehmen, das

    commercial/industrial establishment — Handels-/Industrieunternehmen, das

    3) (Brit.)
    * * *
    1) (the act of establishing.) die Gründung
    2) (an institution or organization: All employees of this establishment get a bonus at New Year.) die Einrichtung
    3) (a person's residence or household: a bachelor's establishment.) der Haushalt
    * * *
    es·tab·lish·ment
    [ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt, esˈ-]
    n
    1. (business) Unternehmen nt, Firma f
    business \establishment Geschäftsbetrieb m
    family \establishment Familienunternehmen nt
    2. + sing/pl vb ECON, FIN (staff) Personalbestand m
    office with an \establishment of fifteen Büro nt mit fünfzehn Mitarbeitern
    to be on the \establishment zum Personal gehören, fest angestellt sein
    3. (organization) Organisation f, Einrichtung f, Institut nt, Anstalt f
    educational \establishment Bildungseinrichtung f, Schule f
    financial \establishment Finanzierungsgesellschaft f
    religious \establishment Religionsgemeinschaft f
    4. no pl (ruling group)
    ▪ the \establishment das Establishment
    the political \establishment das politische Establishment, die politisch einflussreichen Kreise
    to be/revolt against the \establishment gegen das Establishment sein/rebellieren
    5. (act of setting up) Gründung f, Errichtung f
    the \establishment of new areas of employment die Schaffung neuer Arbeitsbereiche
    * * *
    [I'stblɪʃmənt]
    n
    1) (= setting up of relations, links) Aufnahme f, Herstellung f; (of committee) Bildung f, Einsetzung f; (of post) Schaffung f, Einrichtung f; (of peace) Herstellung f; (of order) Herstellung f, Schaffung f; (of publisher's list) Bildung f; (of power, authority) Festigung f, (Wieder)herstellung f; (of reputation) Begründung f
    2) (= proving) Beweis m

    the lawyer devoted a lot of time to the establishment of a few basic facts — der Rechtsanwalt verwandte viel Zeit darauf, ein paar Tatsachen unter Beweis zu stellen

    3) (= determining) Ermittlung f
    4) (= institution etc) Institution f; (= hospital, school etc) Anstalt f, Institution f
    5) (= household) Haus nt, Haushalt m
    6) (MIL, NAUT ETC personnel) Truppenstärke f

    war/peace establishment — Kriegs-/Friedensstärke f

    7)

    establishment figure — Mitglied nt or Angehörige(r) mf des Establishments

    * * *
    1. Einrichtung f, Errichtung f
    2. a) Einsetzung f
    b) Bildung f
    c) Etablierung f, (Be)Gründung f
    3. Durchsetzung f
    4. Herstellung f, Aufnahme f
    5. Aufstellung f
    6. Versorgung f, Einkommen n
    7. REL staatskirchliche Verfassung
    8. organisierte Körperschaft oder Staatseinrichtung:
    civil establishment Beamtenschaft f;
    9. the Establishment (auch als pl konstruiert) das Establishment:
    a) die Oberschicht der politisch, wirtschaftlich oder gesellschaftlich einflussreichen Personen
    b) die etablierte bürgerliche Gesellschaft, die auf Erhaltung des Status quo bedacht ist
    10. SCHIFF, MIL Personal-, Mannschaftsbestand m, (Soll)Stärke f:
    peace (war) establishment Friedens-(Kriegs)stärke
    11. Anstalt f, (öffentliches) Institut
    12. WIRTSCH
    a) Firma f, Geschäft n, Unternehmen n
    b) Niederlassung f
    13. Haushalt m:
    keep up a large establishment ein großes Haus führen
    14. Nachweis m, Feststellung f:
    establishment of paternity JUR Vaterschaftsnachweis
    * * *
    noun
    1) (setting up, creation, foundation) Gründung, die; (of government, committee) Einsetzung, die; (of movement) Begründung, die; (of relations) Schaffung, die

    [business] establishment — Unternehmen, das

    commercial/industrial establishment — Handels-/Industrieunternehmen, das

    3) (Brit.)
    * * *
    n.
    Aufnahme -n f.
    Bildung -en f.
    Einrichtung f.
    Etablierung f.
    Feststellung f.

    English-german dictionary > establishment

  • 2 Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph

    [br]
    b. 26 January 1885 London, England
    d. 18 May 1974 Graffham, Sussex, England
    [br]
    English mechanical engineer; researcher, designer and developer of internal combustion engines.
    [br]
    Harry Ricardo was the eldest child and only son of Halsey Ricardo (architect) and Catherine Rendel (daughter of Alexander Rendel, senior partner in the firm of consulting civil engineers that later became Rendel, Palmer and Tritton). He was educated at Rugby School and at Cambridge. While still at school, he designed and made a steam engine to drive his bicycle, and by the time he went up to Cambridge in 1903 he was a skilled craftsman. At Cambridge, he made a motor cycle powered by a petrol engine of his own design, and with this he won a fuel-consumption competition by covering almost 40 miles (64 km) on a quart (1.14 1) of petrol. This brought him to the attention of Professor Bertram Hopkinson, who invited him to help with research on turbulence and pre-ignition in internal combustion engines. After leaving Cambridge in 1907, he joined his grandfather's firm and became head of the design department for mechanical equipment used in civil engineering. In 1916 he was asked to help with the problem of loading tanks on to railway trucks. He was then given the task of designing and organizing the manufacture of engines for tanks, and the success of this enterprise encouraged him to set up his own establishment at Shoreham, devoted to research on, and design and development of, internal combustion engines.
    Leading on from the work with Hopkinson were his discoveries on the suppression of detonation in spark-ignition engines. He noted that the current paraffinic fuels were more prone to detonation than the aromatics, which were being discarded as they did not comply with the existing specifications because of their high specific gravity. He introduced the concepts of "highest useful compression ratio" (HUCR) and "toluene number" for fuel samples burned in a special variable compression-ratio engine. The toluene number was the proportion of toluene in heptane that gave the same HUCR as the fuel sample. Later, toluene was superseded by iso-octane to give the now familiar octane rating. He went on to improve the combustion in side-valve engines by increasing turbulence, shortening the flame path and minimizing the clearance between piston and head by concentrating the combustion space over the valves. By these means, the compression ratio could be increased to that used by overhead-valve engines before detonation intervened. The very hot poppet valve restricted the advancement of all internal combustion engines, so he turned his attention to eliminating it by use of the single sleeve-valve, this being developed with support from the Air Ministry. By the end of the Second World War some 130,000 such aero-engines had been built by Bristol, Napier and Rolls-Royce before the piston aero-engine was superseded by the gas turbine of Whittle. He even contributed to the success of the latter by developing a fuel control system for it.
    Concurrent with this was work on the diesel engine. He designed and developed the engine that halved the fuel consumption of London buses. He invented and perfected the "Comet" series of combustion chambers for diesel engines, and the Company was consulted by the vast majority of international internal combustion engine manufacturers. He published and lectured widely and fully deserved his many honours; he was elected FRS in 1929, was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1944–5 and was knighted in 1948. This shy and modest, though very determined man was highly regarded by all who came into contact with him. It was said that research into internal combustion engines, his family and boats constituted all that he would wish from life.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1948. FRS 1929. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1944–5.
    Bibliography
    1968, Memo \& Machines. The Pattern of My Life, London: Constable.
    Further Reading
    Sir William Hawthorne, 1976, "Harry Ralph Ricardo", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 22.
    JB

    Biographical history of technology > Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph

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